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Broad Insights. Deep Analysis.

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Immigration: How and When Will It Affect Employment and Aggregate Demand?

Key Points: Immigration was among the markets primary concerns before tariffs stole the show. We think it’ll re-emerge as a key talking point before too long. Immigration has been contributing almost a full percentage point to population growth, triple its normal contribution. We analyze border crossings, work permit applications, and state-level employment dynamics to understand the effect reduced immigration might have on employment and aggregate demand. Traditional labor market surveys do not do a good

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Consumer Stocks: There’s No Place Like Home

Key Points: “Liberation Day” sparked a dramatic selloff, but we think there are other reasons to be concerned about the consumer. Employment growth is lopsided, PCE growth has been of low quality, immigration will soon begin to weigh on aggregate demand, real wages are already slowing, and the “wealth effect” is reversing. The market’s knee-jerk reaction was to snap up consumer staples. We think housing-related stocks are the better bet. The existing home market has

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The Consumer: Slower Spending, Shifting Priorities

Key Points: Companies have begun to signal that 2025 is off to a rough start. We’ve heard rumblings of a weaker consumer before, but our math said they would power through, and they did. This time feels different. The effects of immigration and DOGE on the job market have yet to take hold. We see a (0.5)% headwind to PCE from immigration and a (0.2)% impact from DOGE. On a probability-weighted basis, we see a

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Amazon: Do Retail Margins Have Room to Run? Do AWS Data Centers Pencil Out?

Key Points: A year ago, we penned a report on Amazon called “Squeezing Blood from a Stone”. The implication was that after years of spending aggressively, Amazon was determined to increase the productivity of its existing asset base. The theme applied equally to the retail business and AWS, but Amazon now appears to be embarking on a new investment cycle. We dive headfirst into the fundamentals of Amazon’s retail business and its AWS arm to

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The Consumer: How Will They Fund Future Spending? A Look at the Credit Impulse, Among Other Things

Key Points: Over the past five years, the consumer has been unflappable. After such a strong showing, we might expect fatigue to set in, but the spending data is actually getting stronger, not weaker. We want to know if this performance is sustainable. To that end, we analyze how consumers might fund future spending growth. We dig into their sources of funds, including labor income, savings, and wealth, but our focus is on the credit

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The Labor Market: Navigating the Noise

Key Points: Assessing the labor market has been like nailing Jell-O to the wall. Revisions, immigration and falling survey response rates have confounded the data, making the task of forecasting even more complicated than normal. In this report, we aim to navigate the noise using unconventional analyses and a ton of academic research. Our first task is to determine the underlying trend in monthly payrolls. Without that, it’s hard to anchor a forecast. We use

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"UP-TO-DATA" PODCAST​

A Conversation with Ed Bastian, CEO of Delta Airlines

Conversations with CEO/CFOs:  We added a new feature to our “Up-to-Data” podcast series. This week’s issue features a 30-minute conversation with Ed Bastian, the CEO of Delta Airlines.  Ed has led Delta’s employees, customers and shareholders through some turbulent times.  In the process, he and the rest of the Delta team have built trust with customers (empathy), employees (no furloughs), and shareholders (no dilution).  We talk about the state of the consumer, the outlook for growth in the airline industry, the potential for AI to…

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Covering the Waterfront. Coming Soon: Conversations with Corporate Execs

This installment of our “Up-to-Data” podcast is more comprehensive than most.  We take a step back to see what the latest data are telling us about the consumer.  We cover the labor market, excess savings, the wealth effect, goods vs. services, household balance sheets, inventory dynamics, the housing sector, and leisure. Coming soon: Conversations with Corporate Execs.  Many of our future podcasts will feature interviews with corporate executives.  We’ll be talking to them about the consumer overall and trends in their business.  Our first conversation…

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Politics, Taxes, Tariffs, Consumer Credit, and Inventory Freshness

The Presidential election is not far away, and this installment of our “Up-to-Data” podcast explores how policy might influence consumer behavior.  When it comes to policy, there’s a lot to consider, and we’re especially attuned to distributional shifts that could occur as a result.  The presentation also takes stock of household balance sheets, including the supply of credit.  Finally, we touch on “inventory freshness” now that retailers have finished reporting Q1 results — the outlook for gross margins is still biased to the upside.  The…

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Inflation-Adjusted Retail Sales, e-Com, Home Depot, The “Lock-in Effect”, and Credit Card Green Shoots

We’ve analyzed a ton of new data over the past week.  Issue #4 of our podcast makes sure you are up to date.  It walks you through incremental data from the Fed’s Senior Loan Officer Survey, April retail sales, e-Commerce penetration, Capital One, Discover Financial, Home Depot, the New York Fed’s household debt and credit report, the San Francisco Fed’s excess savings analysis, and more.  We expect the consumer to remain strong.  In our view, mixed signals from companies have more to do with lower…

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Savings, Inflation, Immigration, the Low-End, Food, and Mattresses

In issue #3 we analyze immigration, excess savings, and the low-end consumer.  Immigration has been a big contributor to the labor force, and with elections in the offing, it presents more than a trivial risk.  We track the amount of construction put into place due to the CHIPS Act.  We also offer an analysis of the US mattress industry.  We compare units sold to normal, and we stack up the TPX business model to other vertically-integrated retailers/brands.

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The “Energy Effect”, Credit Card Dynamics, and Housing

In issue #2 we analyze the effect rising energy prices may have on consumption.  One month ago, energy prices would’ve been a 75 basis-point “good guy” for the consumer.  Now it’s more of a marginal friend.  We measure inflation by income cohort, also focus on credit card delinquency trends and the profile of housing inventory.

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