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Broad Insights. Deep Analysis.

All Reports

Immigration: How and When Will It Affect Employment and Aggregate Demand?

Key Points: Immigration was among the markets primary concerns before tariffs stole the show. We think it’ll re-emerge as a key talking point before too long. Immigration has been contributing almost a full percentage point to population growth, triple its normal contribution. We analyze border crossings, work permit applications, and state-level employment dynamics to understand the effect reduced immigration might have on employment and aggregate demand. Traditional labor market surveys do not do a good

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Consumer Stocks: There’s No Place Like Home

Key Points: “Liberation Day” sparked a dramatic selloff, but we think there are other reasons to be concerned about the consumer. Employment growth is lopsided, PCE growth has been of low quality, immigration will soon begin to weigh on aggregate demand, real wages are already slowing, and the “wealth effect” is reversing. The market’s knee-jerk reaction was to snap up consumer staples. We think housing-related stocks are the better bet. The existing home market has

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The Consumer: Slower Spending, Shifting Priorities

Key Points: Companies have begun to signal that 2025 is off to a rough start. We’ve heard rumblings of a weaker consumer before, but our math said they would power through, and they did. This time feels different. The effects of immigration and DOGE on the job market have yet to take hold. We see a (0.5)% headwind to PCE from immigration and a (0.2)% impact from DOGE. On a probability-weighted basis, we see a

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Amazon: Do Retail Margins Have Room to Run? Do AWS Data Centers Pencil Out?

Key Points: A year ago, we penned a report on Amazon called “Squeezing Blood from a Stone”. The implication was that after years of spending aggressively, Amazon was determined to increase the productivity of its existing asset base. The theme applied equally to the retail business and AWS, but Amazon now appears to be embarking on a new investment cycle. We dive headfirst into the fundamentals of Amazon’s retail business and its AWS arm to

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The Consumer: How Will They Fund Future Spending? A Look at the Credit Impulse, Among Other Things

Key Points: Over the past five years, the consumer has been unflappable. After such a strong showing, we might expect fatigue to set in, but the spending data is actually getting stronger, not weaker. We want to know if this performance is sustainable. To that end, we analyze how consumers might fund future spending growth. We dig into their sources of funds, including labor income, savings, and wealth, but our focus is on the credit

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The Labor Market: Navigating the Noise

Key Points: Assessing the labor market has been like nailing Jell-O to the wall. Revisions, immigration and falling survey response rates have confounded the data, making the task of forecasting even more complicated than normal. In this report, we aim to navigate the noise using unconventional analyses and a ton of academic research. Our first task is to determine the underlying trend in monthly payrolls. Without that, it’s hard to anchor a forecast. We use

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"UP-TO-DATA" PODCAST​

The More Things Change, the More They Stay the Same: Our Interview with Bill Rhodes of AutoZone

Bill Rhodes led AutoZone for nearly 20 years.  Over that time, the auto parts industry faced major change — auto cycles have come and gone, the industry has consolidated, e-Commerce has altered the landscape, and vehicles have become laden with technology.  So far, it seems that the more things have changed, the more they’ve stayed the same — AutoZone has remained relevant to its customers and its business model has stayed the course.  More change is on the horizon — EVs are making inroads, etc. …

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A Moving Target: Making Sense of the (Newly Revised) Government Data

Friday’s revision to income and spending data has caused confusion.  We’ve prepared a 10-minute podcast to review the investment implications.  Some of the changes can be disregarded as noise, but there are three important takeaways.  First, the latest iteration of personal income is highly disconnected from labor market data.  Second, this is not the first time savings rates have been meaningfully revised, nor will it be last.  Investors should move on from using the savings rate as an investable data point.  Household balance sheets are…

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A Conversation with Carol Tome, CEO of UPS

Yesterday, we caught up with Carol Tome, the CEO of UPS.  We covered a lot of ground … as UPS typically does!  We talked about the state of the global supply chain, the shift between goods and services, the de minimis rule, tariffs, UPS’ relationship with Amazon, the labor market, driverless vehicles, drones, AI, and more.  Click the link to view our 20-minute interview.  So far, we’ve hosted the CEOs of Delta, Home Depot, and UPS.  There’s more to come.  Sign up for our podcast…

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The Pros and Cons of Betting on the Low-End Consumer

We’ve been getting a lot of questions from clients about the low-end consumer, so we assembled a deck of charts to walk through the pros and cons of betting on the low-end.  There are a lot of variables to consider, and we walk through a chunk of them on this podcast, including job-finding prospects, wage growth, SNAP benefits, tariffs, interest rates, and stock price performance.  As always, feel free to reach out with questions.

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The Consumer Is at a Crossroads: Entering a New Phase

We hosted a webinar reviewing the changing landscape for the US consumer.  We are entering a new phase and see weaker spending growth ahead.  This has significant implications for portfolio weightings.  We have lightened up on our exposure to leisure stocks and are instead recommending clients over-weight rate-sensitive durables like housing, autos, and RVs.  We assess the odds of a recession emerging and take questions from clients.

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A Conversation with Ted Decker, CEO of Home Depot

Today we caught up with Ted Decker, the CEO of Home Depot.  We talked about the health of the consumer, the state of the housing market, the “lock-in” effect, AI, and more.  I asked how long the hangover in COVID-friendly categories like BBQ grills, outdoor furniture and washing machines might last.  He compared the dynamic to a hurricane, which made a lot of sense to me.  Home Depot has seen plenty of hurricanes over time, and they’re using those experiences to inform buying decisions.  This…

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